3.1 秸秆的处理、输送和燃烧 发电厂内建设独立的秸秆仓库,秸秆要测试含水量。任何一包秸秆的含水量超过25%,则为不合格。在欧洲的发电厂中,这项测试由安装在自动起重机上的红外传感器来实现。在国内,可以手动将探测器插入每一个秸秆捆中测试水分,该探测器能存储99组测量值,测量完所有秸秆捆之后,测量结果可以存入连接地磅的计算机。然后使用叉车卸货,并将运输货车的空车重量输入计算机。计算机可根据前后的重量以及含水量计算出秸秆的净重。
3.1 Straw treatment, transportation, and combustion An independent straw warehouse shall be built in the power plant, and the moisture content of straw shall be tested. Any package of straw with a moisture content exceeding 25% is considered unacceptable. In European power plants, this test is carried out using infrared sensors mounted on automatic cranes. In China, a detector can be manually inserted into each straw bale to test for moisture. The detector can store 99 sets of measured values. After measuring all straw bales, the measurement results can be stored in a computer connected to the weighbridge. Then use a forklift to unload and input the empty weight of the transport truck into the computer. The computer can calculate the net weight of the straw based on the weight before and after the straw and the water content.
货车卸货时,叉车将秸秆包放入预先确定的位置;在仓库的另一端,叉车将秸秆包放在进料输送机上;进料输送机有一个缓冲台,可保留秸秆5分钟;秸秆从进料台通过带密封闸门(防火)的进料输送机传送进料系统;秸秆包被推压到两个立式螺杆上,通过螺杆的旋转扯碎秸秆,然后将秸秆传送给螺旋自动给料机,通过给料机将秸秆压入密封的进料通道,然后输送到炉床。炉床为水冷式振动炉,是专门为秸秆燃烧发电厂而开发的设备。
When the truck is unloading, the forklift puts the straw bales into a predetermined position; At the other end of the warehouse, a forklift truck places the straw bales on the feed conveyor; The feed conveyor has a buffer table that can retain straw for 5 minutes; Straw is conveyed from the feed table to the feed system through a feed conveyor with a sealed gate (fire proof); The straw bales are pushed onto two vertical screws, which are rotated to break the straw, and then conveyed to a spiral automatic feeder, which presses the straw into a sealed feed channel, and then conveyed to the furnace bed. The furnace bed is a water cooled vibrating furnace, which is specially developed for straw burning power plants.
3.2 锅炉系统 采用自然循环的汽包锅炉,过热器分两级布置在烟道中,烟道尾部布置省煤器和空气预热器。由于秸秆灰中碱金属的含量相对较高,因此,烟气在高温时(450℃以上)具有较高的腐蚀性。此外,飞灰的熔点较低,易产生结渣的问题。如果灰分变成固体和半流体,运行中就很难,就会阻碍管道中从烟气蒸汽的热量传输。严重时甚会完全堵塞烟气通道,将烟气堵在锅炉中。由于存在这些问题,因此,专门设计了过热器系统。
The boiler system adopts a naturally circulating drum boiler, with superheaters arranged in two stages in the flue, and economizers and air preheaters arranged at the tail of the flue. Due to the relatively high content of alkali metals in straw ash, flue gas is highly corrosive at high temperatures (above 450 ℃). In addition, the melting point of fly ash is low, which is prone to the problem of slagging. If ash becomes solid and semi fluid, it is difficult to remove during operation, and it will hinder the heat transfer from flue gas to steam in the pipeline. In severe cases, it may even completely block the flue gas passage, blocking the flue gas in the boiler. Due to these problems, a superheater system has been specially designed.
3.3 汽轮机系统 汽轮机和锅炉必须在启动、部分负荷和停止操作等方面保持一致,协调锅炉、汽轮机和凝汽器的工作非常重要。 3.4 环境保护系统 在湿法烟气净化系统之后,安装一个布袋除尘器,以便收集烟气中的飞灰。布袋除尘器的排放低于25 mg/Nm3,大大低于烧煤发电厂的烟灰排放水平。
3.3 The steam turbine and boiler in the steam turbine system must be consistent in terms of startup, partial load, and shutdown operations. Coordination of the work of the boiler, steam turbine, and condenser is very important. 3.4 Environmental Protection System After the wet flue gas purification system, a bag filter is installed to collect the fly ash in the flue gas. The emissions from bag filters are less than 25 mg/Nm3, significantly lower than the level of soot emissions from coal-fired power plants in China.
3.5 副产物 秸秆通常含有3%~5%的灰分。这种灰以锅炉飞灰和灰渣/炉底灰的形式被收集,这种灰分含有丰富的营养成分如钾、镁、磷和钙,可用作农业肥料。
3.5 The by-product straw usually contains 3% to 5% ash. This ash is collected in the form of boiler fly ash and ash/bottom ash, which is rich in nutrients such as potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium and can be used as efficient agricultural fertilizers.
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