一、沼气预处理：保障发电质量的基础

1、 Biogas pretreatment: the foundation for ensuring power generation quality

沼气通常产生于养殖场、污水处理厂、垃圾填埋场等场所，成分复杂，除了主要的甲烷（CH）外，还含有二氧化碳、硫化氢、水分以及固体杂质等。为了保证沼气发电机组的稳定运行和发电效率，进入机组前，沼气必须经过严格的预处理。

Biogas is usually produced in breeding farms, sewage treatment plants, landfills, and other places, with complex components. In addition to the main methane (CH), it also contains carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, moisture, and solid impurities. In order to ensure the stable operation and power generation efficiency of the biogas generator set, the biogas must undergo strict pretreatment before entering the unit.

首先，通过气水分离器去除沼气中的水分。水分的存在不仅会降低沼气的热值，还可能对后续设备造成腐蚀。接着，利用脱硫装置处理沼气中的硫化氢。硫化氢具有腐蚀性且有毒，会损害发动机的气缸、活塞等部件，还会污染环境。环能沼气发电机组常采用干法脱硫或湿法脱硫技术，干法脱硫通过氧化铁等脱硫剂与硫化氢发生化学反应，将其转化为硫化铁；湿法脱硫则利用碱性溶液吸收硫化氢。经过脱硫处理后，沼气中的硫化氢含量可降至符合发电机组运行要求的标准。最后，通过过滤器去除沼气中的固体颗粒杂质，确保进入机组的沼气清洁纯净，为后续发电过程奠定基础。

Firstly, remove the moisture from the biogas through a gas water separator. The presence of moisture not only reduces the calorific value of biogas, but may also cause corrosion to subsequent equipment. Next, use a desulfurization device to treat hydrogen sulfide in biogas. Hydrogen sulfide is corrosive and toxic, and can damage engine components such as cylinders and pistons, as well as pollute the environment. The environmental energy biogas generator set often adopts dry desulfurization or wet desulfurization technology. Dry desulfurization involves a chemical reaction between desulfurizing agents such as iron oxide and hydrogen sulfide to convert it into iron sulfide; Wet desulfurization utilizes alkaline solution to absorb hydrogen sulfide. After desulfurization treatment, the hydrogen sulfide content in biogas can be reduced to the standard that meets the operating requirements of the generator set. Finally, solid particles and impurities in the biogas are removed through a filter to ensure the cleanliness and purity of the biogas entering the unit, laying the foundation for the subsequent power generation process.

二、燃烧做功：化学能转化为机械能

2、 Combustion work: conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy

经过预处理的沼气进入发动机的气缸，与空气按照一定比例混合形成可燃混合气。此时，活塞处于压缩行程，将可燃混合气压缩，使其温度和压力升高。当活塞接近上止点时，火花塞产生电火花，点燃可燃混合气。混合气迅速燃烧，产生高温高压的燃气，推动活塞向下运动，通过连杆带动曲轴旋转，将沼气的化学能转化为机械能。这一过程类似于传统的汽油或柴油发动机的工作原理，但由于沼气的燃烧特性与汽油、柴油不同，环能沼气发电机组对发动机的点火系统、进气系统等进行了专门设计和优化，以确保沼气能够充分燃烧，提高能源利用效率。

The pre treated biogas enters the cylinder of the engine and mixes with air in a certain proportion to form a combustible mixture. At this point, the piston is in the compression stroke, compressing the combustible mixture and increasing its temperature and pressure. When the piston approaches the top dead center, the spark plug generates an electric spark, igniting the combustible mixture. The mixed gas burns rapidly, producing high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which drives the piston to move downward and rotates the crankshaft through the connecting rod, converting the chemical energy of biogas into mechanical energy. This process is similar to the working principle of traditional gasoline or diesel engines, but due to the different combustion characteristics of biogas from gasoline and diesel, the environmental energy biogas generator set has specially designed and optimized the ignition system, intake system, etc. of the engine to ensure that biogas can be fully burned and improve energy utilization efficiency.

三、发电环节：机械能转化为电能

3、 Power generation process: converting mechanical energy into electrical energy

发动机曲轴的旋转运动通过联轴器传递给发电机的转子。发电机主要由定子和转子两部分组成，转子在旋转过程中，其内部的磁场与定子绕组相互切割磁力线，根据电磁感应原理，在定子绕组中产生感应电动势，从而将机械能转化为电能。环能沼气发电机组通常采用三相交流同步发电机，产生的交流电经过整流器整流，将交流电转换为直流电，再通过逆变器将直流电转换为符合电网标准或用户需求的交流电，最终实现电能的输出。

The rotational motion of the engine crankshaft is transmitted to the rotor of the generator through a coupling. The generator is mainly composed of two parts: the stator and the rotor. During the rotation of the rotor, the magnetic field inside it cuts through the magnetic field lines with the stator winding. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, an induced electromotive force is generated in the stator winding, thereby converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The environmental energy biogas generator set usually uses a three-phase AC synchronous generator. The generated AC power is rectified by a rectifier, converted into DC power, and then converted into AC power that meets the grid standards or user needs through an inverter, ultimately achieving the output of electrical energy.

四、控制系统：保障稳定高效发电

4、 Control system: Ensure stable and efficient power generation

为了确保环能沼气发电机组的稳定运行和高效发电，设备配备了先进的智能控制系统。该系统实时监测沼气的成分、压力、流量，以及发动机的转速、温度、润滑油压力，发电机的输出电压、电流等关键参数。一旦某个参数出现异常，控制系统能够迅速做出反应，例如自动调节沼气和空气的进气量，以保证可燃混合气的最佳比例；当发动机温度过高时，自动启动冷却系统进行降温；当发电机输出电压不稳定时，调整逆变器的工作参数，确保输出稳定的电能。此外，控制系统还具备故障诊断和报警功能，能够及时发现设备故障，并通过声光报警等方式提示操作人员进行处理，大大提高了设备的可靠性和安全性。​

In order to ensure the stable operation and efficient power generation of the environmental energy biogas generator set, the equipment is equipped with an advanced intelligent control system. The system monitors the composition, pressure, and flow rate of biogas in real-time, as well as key parameters such as engine speed, temperature, lubricating oil pressure, and generator output voltage and current. Once a parameter is abnormal, the control system can quickly respond, such as automatically adjusting the intake of biogas and air to ensure the optimal ratio of combustible mixture; When the engine temperature is too high, the cooling system automatically starts to cool down; When the output voltage of the generator is unstable, adjust the working parameters of the inverter to ensure stable output of electrical energy. In addition, the control system also has fault diagnosis and alarm functions, which can timely detect equipment faults and prompt operators to handle them through sound and light alarms, greatly improving the reliability and safety of the equipment. ​

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